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Vaps Movement
Vaps Movement,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vaps )〕 ((エストニア語:Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Keskliit), later ''Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Liit'', ''vabadussõjalased'', or colloquially ''vapsid'', a single member of this movement was called ''vaps'') the Union of Participants in the Estonian War of Independence 〔(Conclusions of Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity )〕 was founded as an Estonian association of veterans of the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). Later non-veterans were accepted as its supporter-members. The organisation was founded in 1929, emerged as a mass anti-socialist and anti-parliamentary movement.〔 The leaders of this association were Andres Larka (formal figurehead and presidential candidate) and Artur Sirk.
==Ideology==
The Vaps Movement was a paramilitary anti-socialist organisation with most of its base being the lower middle class.〔 They had no elaborate ideology or any connection with foreign fascist movements, their goal was simply a more authoritarian and nationalist government in Estonia.〔( A History of Fascism, 1914-1945 By Stanley George Payne ) ISBN 1-85728-595-6〕〔T. Parming, ''The Collapse of Liberal Democracy and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Estonia'', London, 1975〕 The league rejected racial ideology and openly criticized the Nazi persecution of Jews, it also lacked the willingness to use violence, or the goal of territorial expansion.〔Marandi, Rein "Must-valge lipu all : Vabadussõjalaste liikumine Eestis 1929-1937. 1. Legaalne periood (1929-1934)" Stockholm : Centre for Baltic Studies at the University of Stockholm, 1991〕 However, they were known for sharing some aspects of fascist movements of the time, such as the wearing of a black beret as their uniform headgear, and the use of the Roman salute. Moderate members of the movement such as Johan Pitka gradually left the organization and new members were allowed to join, who were not veterans. The organization issued its own newspaper, Võitlus ('The Struggle').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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